Stay within safe limits (e.g., ~ 200-500 mg/day unless directed otherwise).
Hydrate well (water helps flush oxalate).
Avoid combining large doses of vitamin C with other stone‐risk nutrients (e.g., high calcium).
5. Fat-soluble vitamin “stacking” (Vitamins A, D, E, K)
What it is
When you take multiple supplements that contain fat-soluble vitamins, you might unintentionally exceed safe limits collectively.
How it harms
As these vitamins accumulate in tissues and liver, excess burdens liver metabolism and storage capacity.
The liver is the central processing organ for fat‐soluble vitamins; increments in storage can lead to hepatotoxicity or liver dysfunction.
Downstream from that, kidney function may suffer because liver dysfunction affects fluid, electrolytes, and toxin removal.
Key risk factors
Taking several multivitamins + individual fat-soluble vitamin pills.
Using “megavitamin” formulas that deliver many times the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
How to protect yourself
Check the total intake of each fat‐soluble vitamin (from diet + supplements).
Avoid using multiple products that provide overlapping fat-soluble vitamins unless supervised.
Monitor liver enzymes if you routinely use high-dose fat‐soluble vitamins.
6. Herbal Supplements With Documented Hepato- and Nephro-toxicity (e.g., Kava, Comfrey, Black Cohosh, concentrated Green Tea Extract)
What they are
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