Why: Prolonged heat causes proteins to curdle and fats to separate → grainy cheese, watery sauce.
Fix: Stir in dairy last 15–30 minutes. Use evaporated milk (canned) for creamy soups—it won’t break.
2. Seafood (Fish, Shrimp, Scallops)
Why: Delicate proteins overcook in 15 mins—slow cooking turns them rubbery.
Fix: Add seafood last 15–30 minutes. For chowders, poach separately and stir in at serving.
3. Fresh Herbs (Basil, Cilantro, Parsley)
Why: Volatile oils evaporate; leaves turn bitter after hours of heat.
Fix: Use dried herbs during cooking; garnish with fresh herbs after.
4. Alcohol (Wine, Beer, Spirits)
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